At the beginning of the eighteenth century there was a change of dynasties in the Spanish Crown after the last Habsburg King of Spain, Charles II, left the throne to the Bourbon prince Phillip of Aunjou. The Bourbon government implemented a series of economic and political changes in the American colonies to stimulate its economy, improve its government and promote fiscal development. The objective of the reforms was designed to have a positive impact on the Spanish economy.
Most of the changes in the American colonies were implemented on the second …

The eighteenth century brought the recovery of the local native population that saw its numbers plunge from disease during the . Some curacas achieved important social and economic positions in society; this period is known as the Inca Renaissance. The economic crisis, the loss of power of the Spanish Crown in Europe due to the invasion of Napoleon and the New Laws imposed by the Bourbon Crown favored the indigenous uprising.  Many indigenous Peruvian uprisings took place in the second half of the eighteenth century but the most significant one, …

The economic crises, the loss of power of Spain in Europe, the war of independence in North America and native uprisings all contributed to a favorable climate to the development of emancipating ideas among the criollo population in South America. However, the criollo oligarchy in Peru enjoyed privileges and remained loyal to the Spanish Crown. The liberation movement started in Argentina where autonomous juntas were created as a result of the loss of authority of the Spanish government over its colonies.
After fighting for the independence of the Viceroyalty of Rio …